INTRODUCTION:

Musculoskeletal system gives the body free movement and independent function in the body.¹ Musculoskeletal pain is a known consequence of repetitive strain, overuse and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The pain can be acute or chronic, focal or diffuse. The most common example is low back pain and also tendinitis and tendinosis, neuropathies, myalgia and stress fractures are other examples.² Tendon injuries due to misuse or overuse as well as age related degeneration is common clinical problems facing orthopaedic surgeons and sports medicine clinicians. Following injury, tendons exhibit an ineffective repair response that is often characterized by scar formation. Severe tendon injuries often require surgical intervention, but the structure and function of repaired tendons remain inferior when compared to non-injured tendons.³

A study was conducted to assess the prevalence and correlation of regional pain and associated disability in four groups of Japanese workers. A self-administered questionnaire was used, sample of 2290 workers, were selected. Rates of regional pain were generally less than in the UK, with particularly low prevalence of wrist/hand pain among workers (6%) in past). The strongest and most consistent risk factors for regional pain in the past month was tendency to somatise (95%) for report >_2 versos 0 distressing somatic symptoms 3.1 (2.4 to 4.0) for low back pain, 2.8 (2.1 to 3.8) for shoulder pain and 2.5 (1.6 to 4.1) for wrist hand pain. sickness absence for regional pain complaints in the past year was reported by 5% of participants, the major risk factors for this outcome being absence during the same period for medical reasons.⁴

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on prevention of tendinitis among house keeping staff in selected hospital at Bengaluru.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess existing knowledge regarding prevention of tendinitis among house keeping staff in selected hospital at Bengaluru.

2. To find the effectiveness of structured teaching programme in terms of gain in knowledge scores among house keeping staff in selected hospital at Bengaluru.

3. To find out an association between pre-test knowledge scores with selected demographic variables among housekeeping staff in selected hospital at Bengaluru.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:

H₁: The mean post-test knowledge scores of housekeeping staff on prevention of tendinitis will be significantly higher than their pre-test knowledge scores.

H₂: There will be a significant association between pre-test knowledge scores on prevention of tendinitis and selected demographic variables such as age, gender, religion, educational status, marital status, monthly income, food habit, work experience and source of information.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Research approach: The researcher utilized experimental research approach

Research design: In this study, Pre-experimental, one group pre-test and post-test design was adapted.

Research setting: The setting for the study was Housekeeping department of Vani Vilas hospital, Bengaluru.

Population: In this study, population consists of Staffs who are working in a housekeeping department in selected hospital, Bengaluru.

Sample: The sample would comprise of 50 Housekeeping Staff in selected hospitals, Bengaluru.

Sampling technique: The samples were selected by using Purposive sampling techniques.

Description of the final tools: The tool used in the study consists of 2 parts

Part 1: Socio Demographic proforma

Part 2: Structured Interview Schedule

Plan for data analysis:

The data were analysed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics

· Organization of ungrouped data into grouped data.

· Frequencies and percentages were used for analysis of socio-demographic characteristics.

· Calculation of mean, standard deviation of pre and post-test scores.

· Paired ‘t’ test was used to ascertain whether there is significant difference in the mean knowledge score of pre-test and post-test values.

· Chi- square test was used to find the association between socio-demographic variables with pre-test knowledge scores.

RESULTS:

Section I: Description of sample characteristics:

In the present study, a total of 50 housekeeping staff participated. (64%) respondents belong to the age group of 30-39 years. (86%) were female. Majority (76%) respondents were Hindu. Highest percentage (46%) respondents had No formal education. Majority 86% respondents were married. Majority 70% respondents had monthly income of 5,000 – 10,000Rs. Majority 82% respondents were taking mixed diet. Majority 48% respondents had 5-8 years of work experience. Majority 32% respondents got information from Friends and relatives.

Section II: Over All Aspect Wise Knowledge Scores of Respondents:

Table No. 11: Classification of Respondents by Pre-Test Knowledge Scores on Prevention of Tendinitis N=50

Knowledge Level	Category	Respondents
Knowledge Level	Category	Number	Percent
Inadequate	<50 % score	33	66.0
Moderate	50-75 % score	17	34.0
Adequate	>75 % score	0	0.0
Total		50	100.00

The above Table shows that majority 66% (<50%) of the respondents had inadequate knowledge and 34% (50-75%) of respondents had moderate knowledge on Prevention of tendinitis.

Table No. 12: Aspect Wise Pre-Test Mean Knowledge Scores of Respondents on Prevention of Tendinitis. N = 50

Sl. No.	Area wise	No. of items	Mean	S. D.	Mean %
1.	Basic concepts of tendinitis and its incidence	5	1.68	1.08	33.6
2.	Sites, types, causes and risk factors of tendinitis	4	1.42	0.91	35.5
3.	Signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation and complications of tendinitis.	3	1.48	0.97	49.33
4.	Treatment and preventive practices for tendinitis	18	8.46	2.74	52.88
5.	Overall knowledge	30	13.04	3.94	43.47

The above Table reveals that the aspect wise Pre-test mean knowledge of respondents regarding Prevention of tendinitis. The highest mean pre-test knowledge percentage was seen in the aspect of treatment and a preventive practice for tendinitis was 52.88%. The mean pre-test knowledge percentage 49.33% was seen in the aspect of Signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation and complications of tendinitis, followed by 35.5% mean pre-test knowledge percentage in the aspect of Sites, types, causes and risk factors of tendinitis. The lowest pre-test mean knowledge percentage was seen in aspect of Basic concepts of tendinitis and its incidence was 33.6%.

Table 13: Classification of Respondents by Post- Test Knowledge Scores on Prevention of Tendinitis N = 50

Knowledge Level	Category	Respondents
Knowledge Level	Category	Number	Percent
Inadequate	<50 % score	0	0.00
Moderate	50-75 % score	2	4.0
Adequate	>75 % score	48	96.0
Total		50	100.00

The above Table shows that majority 96% (>75%) of the respondents had adequate knowledge and 02% (50-75%) of respondents had moderate knowledge on Prevention of tendinitis.

Table 14: Aspect Wise Post-Test Mean Knowledge Scores of Respondents on Prevention of Tendinitis. N = 50

Sl. No.	Area wise	No. of items	Mean	S. D.	Mean %
1.	Basic concepts of tendinitis and its incidence	5	4.62	0.73	92.4
2.	Sites, types, causes and risk factors of tendinitis	4	3.58	0.61	89.5
3.	Signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation and complications of tendinitis.	3	2.54	0.71	84.67
4.	Treatment and preventive practices for tendinitis	18	15.42	1.64	96.38
5.	Overall knowledge	30	26.16	1.86	87.2

The above Table reveals that the aspect wise Pre-test mean knowledge of respondents regarding Prevention of tendinitis. The highest mean pre-test knowledge percentage was seen in the aspect of treatment and a preventive practice for tendinitis was 96.38%. The mean pre-test knowledge percentage 92.4% was seen in the aspect of Basic concepts of tendinitis and its incidence, followed by 89.5% mean pre-test knowledge percentage in the aspect of Sites, types, causes and risk factors of tendinitis. The lowest pre-test mean knowledge percentage was seen in aspect of Signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation and complications of tendinitis was 84.67%.

Table No. 15: Over All Pre-Test and Post-Test Mean Knowledge of Respondents on Prevention of Tendinitis. N = 50

	Max score	Respondents Knowledge			Paired ‘t’ Test
	Max score	Mean	SD	Mean (%)	Paired ‘t’ Test
Pre-test	30	13.04	3.94	43.47	21.28*
Post-test	30	26.16	1.86	87.20
Enhancement		13.12	4.36	43.73

*Significant at 0.05 Level, t (0.05, 49Df) =2.01

The above table Depicts that Pre-test mean knowledge percentage was 43.47% and Post-test mean knowledge percentage was 87.20%, with enhancement of 43.73%, with paired “t” test value of 21.28* which is significant at 0.05 level as calculated value is greater than table value.

The Table-16 depicts that in pre-test 33(66%) respondents had inadequate knowledge and 17(34%) respondents had moderate knowledge. In Post-test, none of the respondents had inadequate knowledge, 02(4%) respondents had moderate knowledge and 48(96%) respondents had adequate knowledge.

Table No. 16: Classification of Respondents on Pre-Test and Post-Test Knowledge Level Regarding Prevention of Tendinitis N = 50

Knowledge Level	Category	Pre-test		Post-test
Knowledge Level	Category	Frequency	%	Frequency	%
Inadequate	< 50%	33	66.0	0	0.0
Moderate	50-75%	17	34.0	2	4.0
Adequate	>75%	0	0.0	48	96
Total		50	100.0	50	100.0

Table No. 17: Aspect Wise Mean Pre-Test and Post-Test Knowledge Scores of Respondents on Prevention of Tendinitis N = 50

Aspects of Knowledge	Respondents Knowledge						Paired ‘t’ Test
	Pre-test		Post-test		Enhancement
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Basic concepts of tendinitis and its incidence	1.68	1.08	4.62	0.73	2.94	1.08	19.30*
Sites, types, causes and risk factors of tendinitis	1.42	0.91	3.58	0.61	2.16	1.06	14.45*
Signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation and complications of tendinitis.	1.48	0.97	2.54	0.71	1.06	1.04	7.21*
Treatment and preventive practices for tendinitis	8.46	2.74	15.42	1.64	6.96	3.20	15.37*
Overall knowledge	13.04	3.94	26.16	1.86	13.12	4.36	21.28*

*is significant; ^NS is not significant t (0.05, 49 Df) = 2.01

Section III: Association between Pre-Test Knowledge with Selected Demographic Variables

Table No. 18: Association between Socio-Demographic Variables and Pre-Test Knowledge Level of Respondents on Prevention of Tendinitis n=50

Demographic variables	Category	Overall knowledge				Chi square
		Median and below		Above median
		N	%	N	%
Age	30 - 39 years	20.00	66.67	10.00	33.33	2.87 ^NS DF=2
	40 - 49 years	12.00	80.00	3.00	20.00
	50 - 59 years	5.00	100.00	0.00	0.00
Gender	Male	33.00	76.74	10.00	23.26	1.20 ^NS DF=1
Gender	Female	4.00	57.14	3.00	42.86	1.20 ^NS DF=1
Religion	Hindu	4.00	66.67	2.00	33.33	0.44 ^NS DF=2
	Christian	29.00	76.32	9.00	23.68
	Muslim	4.00	66.67	2.00	33.33
	Others	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Educational status	No formal education	19.00	82.61	4.00	17.39	1.90^NS DF=3
	Primary education	12.00	66.67	6.00	33.33
	Secondary education	3.00	75.00	1.00	25.00
	PUC	3.00	60.00	2.00	40.00
Marital status	Married	32.00	74.42	11.00	25.58	0.090^NS DF=2
	Unmarried	3.00	75.00	1.00	25.00
	Widow/ Widower	2.00	66.67	1.00	33.33
	Divorcee	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Monthly income	5,000 - 10,000	24.00	68.57	11.00	31.43	1.78^NS DF=1
	10,001 - 15,000	13.00	86.67	2.00	13.33
	More than 15,001	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Food habit	Vegeterian	29.00	70.73	12.00	29.27	1.26^NS DF=1
Food habit	Mixed	8.00	88.89	1.00	11.11	1.26^NS DF=1
Work experience	1 - 4 years	14.00	93.33	1.00	6.67	11.04* DF=2
	5 - 8 years	13.00	54.17	11.00	45.83
	9 - 12 years	10.00	90.91	1.00	9.09
Source of information	Friends / Relatives	12	75	4	25	9.6* DF=4
	Print media	4.00	80.00	1.00	20.00
	Electronic media	10.00	66.67	5.00	33.33
	Contact with health personnel	9.00	75.00	3.00	25.00
	No information	2.00	100.00	0.00	0.00

*is significant; ^NS is not significant

The above table shows that the demographic variables like Work experience and Source of information were found to be significant associated with pre-test knowledge scores. Hence, the hypothesis stated there will be a significant association between pre-test knowledge regarding prevention of tendinitis among Housekeeping staff and their demographic variables where partly accepted at 0.05 level.

The above table shows that the demographic variables like Age, Gender, Religion, Educational status, Marital status, Monthly income and Food habit were found to be no significant association with the pre-test knowledge scores. Hence, the hypothesis stated there will be significant association between pre-test knowledge level regarding Prevention of tendinitis among Housekeeping staff and their selected demographic variables is partly rejected at 0.05 level.

DISCUSSION:

In the present study confirmed that there was a considerable improvement of knowledge after the administration of STP on Prevention of tendinitis and it is also statistically established as significant at 0.05 level. The study revealed that overall pre-test mean knowledge score was 43.47% and post test score was 87.2% with 43.73% mean knowledge enhancement. The overall mean knowledge score during pre-test is 13.04 and 26.16 in the post-test.

The socio demographic variables in the present study such as Work experience (11.04*) and Source of information (9.6*) were found to be significant associated with the pretest knowledge scores at 0.05 level. There was no association found between pre test knowledge scores and demographic variables like age (2.87^NS), gender (1.20^NS), religion (0.44^NS), Educational status (1.90^NS), Marital status (0.090^NS), Monthly income(1.78^NS), and Food habit(1.26^NS).

The above results were supported by a similar study conducted at Rajasthan to evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge of Occupational Hazards Prevention and Expressed Practice of Safety Measures among Frontline Pharmaceutical Industrial Workers. It showed that there was positive relation between the knowledge and expressed practice scores and the variables education (13.39*) and work experience (9.95*) had an association with the knowledge and expressed practice scores at 0.05 level.⁵

There was a significant improvement in knowledge scores of Housekeeping staff after conducting STP regarding Prevention of tendinitis. Thus, H₁hypothesis is accepted. The H₂ is partly accepted for significant association found between pre- test knowledge scores and the socio demographic variables such as work experience (11.04*) and source of information (9.6*) at 0.05 level.

CONCLUSIONS:

It is concluded that the Housekeeping staff had inadequacy in their knowledge in all areas of Prevention of Tendinitis. Conducting Structured Teaching programme found effective in increasing knowledge of Housekeeping staff.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

1. The study is limited to Housekeeping staff of selected hospitals, bengaluru.

2. The study did not use control group.

3. The study did not assess the attitude and practice of housekeeping staff. Only a single domain that is knowledge is considered in the present study.

4. The sample size for the study was limited to 50 Housekeeping staff only. Hence the results of the study cannot be generalized.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

On the basis of the findings of the present study following recommendations have been made:

1. A similar study can be replicated on a large number of subjects to generalize the findings.

2. A similar study can be conducted in different settings with a control group.

3. An experimental study can be undertaken with a control group for effective comparison of the result.

4. A study can be conducted with the assessment of attitude and practices of housekeeping staff regarding prevention of tendinitis.

5. Manuals, information booklets, and self-instruction modulemay be developed in areas of prevention of tendinitis.

6. A study can be carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching programme, pamphlets, leaflets, and role-play on prevention of tendinitis.

REFERENCE:

1. Szeto GP, Lam P.Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in urban bus drivers. JOccup Rehabil. 2007Jun; 17(2):181-98. Availablefrom: URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 17273930

2. Josephson M., Largerstrom M, Musculoskeletal symptoms and job strain among nursing personnel, occupational envion. Med 1997 ;47-57

3. Yang G, Rothrauff BB, Tuan RS. Tendon and ligament regeneration and repair: clinical relevance and developmental paradigm. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2013; 99: 203-222.

4. Suparna K. Occupational health problems and role of ergonomics. Bioline International 2006; 9(3):111-4.

5. Minu Joseph, Mrs. Santosh Mehta, Mrs. Daisy Thomas. Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge of Occupational Hazards Prevention and Expressed Practice of Safety Measures among Frontline Pharmaceutical Industrial Workers of Rajasthan. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS). 2016; 5(3): 64-69.

Received on 31.12.2019 Modified on 02.03.2020

Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2020; 8(4):284-288.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2652.2020.00063.3